Add comment explaining relationship between constants.

On Windows, RunAsDaemon is a no-op so we need to read stdout to find out when Tor has finished starting up, then continue to read and discard stdout until Tor exits.

bramble-android/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/bluetooth/AndroidBluetoothPluginFactory.java

@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ public class AndroidBluetoothPluginFactory implements DuplexPluginFactory {
 		BluetoothConnectionFactory<BluetoothSocket> connectionFactory =
 				new AndroidBluetoothConnectionFactory(connectionLimiter,
 						wakeLockManager, timeoutMonitor);
-		Backoff backoff = backoffFactory.createBackoff(MIN_POLLING_INTERVAL,
+		Backoff backoff = backoffFactory.createBackoff(eventBus, ID,
-				MAX_POLLING_INTERVAL, BACKOFF_BASE);
+				MIN_POLLING_INTERVAL, MAX_POLLING_INTERVAL, BACKOFF_BASE);
 		AndroidBluetoothPlugin plugin = new AndroidBluetoothPlugin(
 				connectionLimiter, connectionFactory, ioExecutor,
 				wakefulIoExecutor, secureRandom, androidExecutor, app,

bramble-android/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tcp/AndroidLanTcpPluginFactory.java

@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ public class AndroidLanTcpPluginFactory implements DuplexPluginFactory {
 
 	@Override
 	public DuplexPlugin createPlugin(PluginCallback callback) {
-		Backoff backoff = backoffFactory.createBackoff(MIN_POLLING_INTERVAL,
+		Backoff backoff = backoffFactory.createBackoff(eventBus, ID,
-				MAX_POLLING_INTERVAL, BACKOFF_BASE);
+				MIN_POLLING_INTERVAL, MAX_POLLING_INTERVAL, BACKOFF_BASE);
 		AndroidLanTcpPlugin plugin = new AndroidLanTcpPlugin(ioExecutor,
 				wakefulIoExecutor, app, backoff, callback,
 				MAX_LATENCY, MAX_IDLE_TIME, CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);

bramble-android/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/AndroidTorPlugin.java

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import org.briarproject.bramble.api.battery.BatteryManager;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.network.NetworkManager;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.MethodsNotNullByDefault;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.ParametersNotNullByDefault;
-import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.Backoff;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.PluginCallback;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.AndroidWakeLock;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.AndroidWakeLockManager;
@@ -64,7 +63,6 @@ class AndroidTorPlugin extends TorPlugin {
 			CircumventionProvider circumventionProvider,
 			BatteryManager batteryManager,
 			AndroidWakeLockManager wakeLockManager,
-			Backoff backoff,
 			TorRendezvousCrypto torRendezvousCrypto,
 			PluginCallback callback,
 			String architecture,
@@ -75,7 +73,7 @@ class AndroidTorPlugin extends TorPlugin {
 			int torControlPort) {
 		super(ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor, networkManager, locationUtils,
 				torSocketFactory, clock, resourceProvider,
-				circumventionProvider, batteryManager, backoff,
+				circumventionProvider, batteryManager,
 				torRendezvousCrypto, callback, architecture, maxLatency,
 				maxIdleTime, torDirectory, torSocksPort, torControlPort);
 		this.app = app;

bramble-android/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/AndroidTorPluginFactory.java

@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ import org.briarproject.bramble.api.event.EventBus;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.lifecycle.IoExecutor;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.network.NetworkManager;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.Backoff;
-import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.BackoffFactory;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.PluginCallback;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TorControlPort;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TorDirectory;
@@ -44,7 +42,6 @@ public class AndroidTorPluginFactory extends TorPluginFactory {
 			LocationUtils locationUtils,
 			EventBus eventBus,
 			SocketFactory torSocketFactory,
-			BackoffFactory backoffFactory,
 			ResourceProvider resourceProvider,
 			CircumventionProvider circumventionProvider,
 			BatteryManager batteryManager,
@@ -56,7 +53,7 @@ public class AndroidTorPluginFactory extends TorPluginFactory {
 			Application app,
 			AndroidWakeLockManager wakeLockManager) {
 		super(ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor, networkManager, locationUtils,
-				eventBus, torSocketFactory, backoffFactory, resourceProvider,
+				eventBus, torSocketFactory, resourceProvider,
 				circumventionProvider, batteryManager, clock, crypto,
 				torDirectory, torSocksPort, torControlPort);
 		this.app = app;
@@ -76,14 +73,14 @@ public class AndroidTorPluginFactory extends TorPluginFactory {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	TorPlugin createPluginInstance(Backoff backoff,
+	TorPlugin createPluginInstance(TorRendezvousCrypto torRendezvousCrypto,
-			TorRendezvousCrypto torRendezvousCrypto, PluginCallback callback,
+			PluginCallback callback,
 			String architecture) {
 		return new AndroidTorPlugin(ioExecutor,
 				wakefulIoExecutor, app, networkManager, locationUtils,
 				torSocketFactory, clock, resourceProvider,
 				circumventionProvider, batteryManager, wakeLockManager,
-				backoff, torRendezvousCrypto, callback, architecture,
+				torRendezvousCrypto, callback, architecture,
 				MAX_LATENCY, MAX_IDLE_TIME, torDirectory, torSocksPort,
 				torControlPort);
 	}

bramble-api/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/api/plugin/BackoffFactory.java

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin;
 
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.event.EventBus;
+
 public interface BackoffFactory {
 
-	Backoff createBackoff(int minInterval, int maxInterval,
+	Backoff createBackoff(EventBus eventBus, TransportId transportId,
-			double base);
+			int minInterval, int maxInterval, double base);
 }

bramble-api/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/api/plugin/PluginCallback.java

@@ -56,4 +56,9 @@ public interface PluginCallback extends ConnectionHandler {
 	 * This method can safely be called while holding a lock.
 	 */
 	void pluginStateChanged(State state);
+
+	/**
+	 * Informs the callback that the plugin's polling interval has decreased.
+	 */
+	void pollingIntervalDecreased();
 }

bramble-api/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/api/plugin/event/PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event;
+
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.event.Event;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TransportId;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.Immutable;
+
+/**
+ * An event that is broadcast when a plugin's polling interval decreases.
+ */
+@Immutable
+@NotNullByDefault
+public class PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent extends Event {
+
+	private final TransportId transportId;
+
+	public PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent(TransportId transportId) {
+		this.transportId = transportId;
+	}
+
+	public TransportId getTransportId() {
+		return transportId;
+	}
+}

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/mailbox/ConnectivityChecker.java

@@ -22,10 +22,21 @@ interface ConnectivityChecker {
 	 * the check succeeds. If a check is already running then the observer is
 	 * called when the check succeeds. If a connectivity check has recently
 	 * succeeded then the observer is called immediately.
+	 * <p>
+	 * Observers are removed after being called, or when the checker is
+	 * {@link #destroy() destroyed}.
 	 */
 	void checkConnectivity(MailboxProperties properties,
 			ConnectivityObserver o);
 
+	/**
+	 * Removes an observer that was added via
+	 * {@link #checkConnectivity(MailboxProperties, ConnectivityObserver)}. If
+	 * there are no remaining observers and a connectivity check is running
+	 * then the check will be cancelled.
+	 */
+	void removeObserver(ConnectivityObserver o);
+
 	interface ConnectivityObserver {
 		void onConnectivityCheckSucceeded();
 	}

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/mailbox/ConnectivityCheckerImpl.java

@@ -80,8 +80,7 @@ abstract class ConnectivityCheckerImpl implements ConnectivityChecker {
 						> CONNECTIVITY_CHECK_FRESHNESS_MS) {
 					// The last connectivity check is stale, start a new one
 					connectivityObservers.add(o);
-					ApiCall task =
+					ApiCall task = createConnectivityCheckTask(properties);
-							createConnectivityCheckTask(properties);
 					connectivityCheck = mailboxApiCaller.retryWithBackoff(task);
 				} else {
 					// The last connectivity check is fresh
@@ -108,4 +107,16 @@ abstract class ConnectivityCheckerImpl implements ConnectivityChecker {
 			o.onConnectivityCheckSucceeded();
 		}
 	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void removeObserver(ConnectivityObserver o) {
+		synchronized (lock) {
+			if (destroyed) return;
+			connectivityObservers.remove(o);
+			if (connectivityObservers.isEmpty() && connectivityCheck != null) {
+				connectivityCheck.cancel();
+				connectivityCheck = null;
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/mailbox/ContactMailboxConnectivityChecker.java

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.Clock;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.mailbox.MailboxApi.ApiException;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
-
 import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
 
 @ThreadSafe
@@ -24,16 +22,11 @@ class ContactMailboxConnectivityChecker extends ConnectivityCheckerImpl {
 	@Override
 	ApiCall createConnectivityCheckTask(MailboxProperties properties) {
 		if (properties.isOwner()) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
-		return new SimpleApiCall() {
+		return new SimpleApiCall(() -> {
-			@Override
+			if (!mailboxApi.checkStatus(properties)) throw new ApiException();
-			void tryToCallApi() throws IOException, ApiException {
+			// Call the observers and cache the result
-				if (!mailboxApi.checkStatus(properties)) {
+			onConnectivityCheckSucceeded(clock.currentTimeMillis());
-					throw new ApiException();
+		});
-				}
-				// Call the observers and cache the result
-				onConnectivityCheckSucceeded(clock.currentTimeMillis());
-			}
-		};
 	}
 
 }

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/mailbox/ContactMailboxDownloadWorker.java

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+package org.briarproject.bramble.mailbox;
+
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.Cancellable;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.mailbox.MailboxProperties;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.mailbox.ConnectivityChecker.ConnectivityObserver;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.mailbox.MailboxApi.ApiException;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.mailbox.MailboxApi.MailboxFile;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.mailbox.MailboxApi.TolerableFailureException;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.mailbox.TorReachabilityMonitor.TorReachabilityObserver;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.GuardedBy;
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+
+import static java.util.logging.Level.INFO;
+import static java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger;
+import static org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NullSafety.requireNonNull;
+import static org.briarproject.bramble.util.LogUtils.logException;
+
+@ThreadSafe
+@NotNullByDefault
+class ContactMailboxDownloadWorker implements MailboxWorker,
+		ConnectivityObserver, TorReachabilityObserver {
+
+	/**
+	 * When the worker is started it waits for a connectivity check, then
+	 * starts its first download cycle: checking the inbox, downloading and
+	 * deleting any files, and checking again until the inbox is empty.
+	 * <p>
+	 * The worker then waits for our Tor hidden service to be reachable before
+	 * starting its second download cycle. This ensures that if a contact
+	 * tried and failed to connect to our hidden service before it was
+	 * reachable, and therefore uploaded a file to the mailbox instead, we'll
+	 * find the file in the second download cycle.
+	 */
+	private enum State {
+		CREATED,
+		CONNECTIVITY_CHECK,
+		DOWNLOAD_CYCLE_1,
+		WAITING_FOR_TOR,
+		DOWNLOAD_CYCLE_2,
+		FINISHED,
+		DESTROYED
+	}
+
+	private static final Logger LOG =
+			getLogger(ContactMailboxDownloadWorker.class.getName());
+
+	private final ConnectivityChecker connectivityChecker;
+	private final TorReachabilityMonitor torReachabilityMonitor;
+	private final MailboxApiCaller mailboxApiCaller;
+	private final MailboxApi mailboxApi;
+	private final MailboxFileManager mailboxFileManager;
+	private final MailboxProperties mailboxProperties;
+	private final Object lock = new Object();
+
+	@GuardedBy("lock")
+	private State state = State.CREATED;
+
+	@GuardedBy("lock")
+	@Nullable
+	private Cancellable apiCall = null;
+
+	ContactMailboxDownloadWorker(
+			ConnectivityChecker connectivityChecker,
+			TorReachabilityMonitor torReachabilityMonitor,
+			MailboxApiCaller mailboxApiCaller,
+			MailboxApi mailboxApi,
+			MailboxFileManager mailboxFileManager,
+			MailboxProperties mailboxProperties) {
+		if (mailboxProperties.isOwner()) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+		this.connectivityChecker = connectivityChecker;
+		this.torReachabilityMonitor = torReachabilityMonitor;
+		this.mailboxApiCaller = mailboxApiCaller;
+		this.mailboxApi = mailboxApi;
+		this.mailboxFileManager = mailboxFileManager;
+		this.mailboxProperties = mailboxProperties;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void start() {
+		LOG.info("Started");
+		synchronized (lock) {
+			// Don't allow the worker to be reused
+			if (state != State.CREATED) throw new IllegalStateException();
+			state = State.CONNECTIVITY_CHECK;
+		}
+		// Avoid leaking observer in case destroy() is called concurrently
+		// before observer is added
+		connectivityChecker.checkConnectivity(mailboxProperties, this);
+		boolean destroyed;
+		synchronized (lock) {
+			destroyed = state == State.DESTROYED;
+		}
+		if (destroyed) connectivityChecker.removeObserver(this);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void destroy() {
+		LOG.info("Destroyed");
+		Cancellable apiCall;
+		synchronized (lock) {
+			state = State.DESTROYED;
+			apiCall = this.apiCall;
+			this.apiCall = null;
+		}
+		if (apiCall != null) apiCall.cancel();
+		connectivityChecker.removeObserver(this);
+		torReachabilityMonitor.removeObserver(this);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void onConnectivityCheckSucceeded() {
+		LOG.info("Connectivity check succeeded");
+		synchronized (lock) {
+			if (state != State.CONNECTIVITY_CHECK) return;
+			state = State.DOWNLOAD_CYCLE_1;
+			// Start first download cycle
+			apiCall = mailboxApiCaller.retryWithBackoff(
+					new SimpleApiCall(this::apiCallListInbox));
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void apiCallListInbox() throws IOException, ApiException {
+		synchronized (lock) {
+			if (state == State.DESTROYED) return;
+		}
+		LOG.info("Listing inbox");
+		List<MailboxFile> files = mailboxApi.getFiles(mailboxProperties,
+				requireNonNull(mailboxProperties.getInboxId()));
+		if (files.isEmpty()) onDownloadCycleFinished();
+		else downloadNextFile(new LinkedList<>(files));
+	}
+
+	private void onDownloadCycleFinished() {
+		boolean addObserver = false;
+		synchronized (lock) {
+			if (state == State.DOWNLOAD_CYCLE_1) {
+				LOG.info("First download cycle finished");
+				state = State.WAITING_FOR_TOR;
+				addObserver = true;
+			} else if (state == State.DOWNLOAD_CYCLE_2) {
+				LOG.info("Second download cycle finished");
+				state = State.FINISHED;
+			}
+		}
+		if (addObserver) {
+			// Avoid leaking observer in case destroy() is called concurrently
+			// before observer is added
+			torReachabilityMonitor.addOneShotObserver(this);
+			boolean destroyed;
+			synchronized (lock) {
+				destroyed = state == State.DESTROYED;
+			}
+			if (destroyed) torReachabilityMonitor.removeObserver(this);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void downloadNextFile(Queue<MailboxFile> queue) {
+		synchronized (lock) {
+			if (state == State.DESTROYED) return;
+			MailboxFile file = queue.remove();
+			apiCall = mailboxApiCaller.retryWithBackoff(
+					new SimpleApiCall(() -> apiCallDownloadFile(file, queue)));
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void apiCallDownloadFile(MailboxFile file,
+			Queue<MailboxFile> queue) throws IOException, ApiException {
+		synchronized (lock) {
+			if (state == State.DESTROYED) return;
+		}
+		LOG.info("Downloading file");
+		File tempFile = mailboxFileManager.createTempFileForDownload();
+		try {
+			mailboxApi.getFile(mailboxProperties,
+					requireNonNull(mailboxProperties.getInboxId()),
+					file.name, tempFile);
+		} catch (IOException | ApiException e) {
+			if (!tempFile.delete()) {
+				LOG.warning("Failed to delete temporary file");
+			}
+			throw e;
+		}
+		mailboxFileManager.handleDownloadedFile(tempFile);
+		deleteFile(file, queue);
+	}
+
+	private void deleteFile(MailboxFile file, Queue<MailboxFile> queue) {
+		synchronized (lock) {
+			if (state == State.DESTROYED) return;
+			apiCall = mailboxApiCaller.retryWithBackoff(
+					new SimpleApiCall(() -> apiCallDeleteFile(file, queue)));
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void apiCallDeleteFile(MailboxFile file, Queue<MailboxFile> queue)
+			throws IOException, ApiException {
+		synchronized (lock) {
+			if (state == State.DESTROYED) return;
+		}
+		try {
+			mailboxApi.deleteFile(mailboxProperties,
+					requireNonNull(mailboxProperties.getInboxId()), file.name);
+		} catch (TolerableFailureException e) {
+			// Catch this so we can continue to the next file
+			logException(LOG, INFO, e);
+		}
+		if (queue.isEmpty()) {
+			// List the inbox again to check for files that may have arrived
+			// while we were downloading
+			synchronized (lock) {
+				if (state == State.DESTROYED) return;
+				apiCall = mailboxApiCaller.retryWithBackoff(
+						new SimpleApiCall(this::apiCallListInbox));
+			}
+		} else {
+			downloadNextFile(queue);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void onTorReachable() {
+		LOG.info("Our Tor hidden service is reachable");
+		synchronized (lock) {
+			if (state != State.WAITING_FOR_TOR) return;
+			state = State.DOWNLOAD_CYCLE_2;
+			// Start second download cycle
+			apiCall = mailboxApiCaller.retryWithBackoff(
+					new SimpleApiCall(this::apiCallListInbox));
+		}
+	}
+}

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/mailbox/MailboxApiCaller.java

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ interface MailboxApiCaller {
 	 * Asynchronously calls the given API call on the {@link IoExecutor},
 	 * automatically retrying at increasing intervals until the API call
 	 * returns false or retries are cancelled.
+	 * <p>
+	 * This method is safe to call while holding a lock.
 	 *
 	 * @return A {@link Cancellable} that can be used to cancel any future
 	 * retries.

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/mailbox/MailboxWorker.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package org.briarproject.bramble.mailbox;
+
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+
+/**
+ * A worker that downloads files from a contact's mailbox.
+ */
+@ThreadSafe
+@NotNullByDefault
+interface MailboxWorker {
+
+	/**
+	 * Asynchronously starts the worker.
+	 */
+	void start();
+
+	/**
+	 * Destroys the worker and cancels any pending tasks or retries.
+	 */
+	void destroy();
+}

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/mailbox/SimpleApiCall.java

@@ -16,17 +16,20 @@ import static org.briarproject.bramble.util.LogUtils.logException;
  * Convenience class for making simple API calls that don't return values.
  */
 @NotNullByDefault
-public abstract class SimpleApiCall implements ApiCall {
+class SimpleApiCall implements ApiCall {
 
 	private static final Logger LOG = getLogger(SimpleApiCall.class.getName());
 
-	abstract void tryToCallApi()
+	private final Attempt attempt;
-			throws IOException, ApiException, TolerableFailureException;
+
+	SimpleApiCall(Attempt attempt) {
+		this.attempt = attempt;
+	}
 
 	@Override
 	public boolean callApi() {
 		try {
-			tryToCallApi();
+			attempt.tryToCallApi();
 			return false; // Succeeded, don't retry
 		} catch (IOException | ApiException e) {
 			logException(LOG, WARNING, e);
@@ -36,4 +39,17 @@ public abstract class SimpleApiCall implements ApiCall {
 			return false; // Failed tolerably, don't retry
 		}
 	}
+
+	interface Attempt {
+
+		/**
+		 * Makes a single attempt to call an API endpoint. If this method
+		 * throws an {@link IOException} or an {@link ApiException}, the call
+		 * will be retried. If it throws a {@link TolerableFailureException}
+		 * or returns without throwing an exception, the call will not be
+		 * retried.
+		 */
+		void tryToCallApi()
+				throws IOException, ApiException, TolerableFailureException;
+	}
 }

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/mailbox/TorReachabilityMonitor.java

@@ -38,6 +38,12 @@ interface TorReachabilityMonitor {
 	 */
 	void addOneShotObserver(TorReachabilityObserver o);
 
+	/**
+	 * Removes an observer that was added via
+	 * {@link #addOneShotObserver(TorReachabilityObserver)}.
+	 */
+	void removeObserver(TorReachabilityObserver o);
+
 	interface TorReachabilityObserver {
 
 		void onTorReachable();

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/mailbox/TorReachabilityMonitorImpl.java

@@ -87,6 +87,14 @@ class TorReachabilityMonitorImpl
 		if (callNow) o.onTorReachable();
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	public void removeObserver(TorReachabilityObserver o) {
+		synchronized (lock) {
+			if (destroyed) return;
+			observers.remove(o);
+		}
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	public void eventOccurred(Event e) {
 		if (e instanceof TransportActiveEvent) {

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/BackoffFactoryImpl.java

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package org.briarproject.bramble.plugin;
 
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.event.EventBus;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.Backoff;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.BackoffFactory;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TransportId;
 
 import javax.annotation.concurrent.Immutable;
 
@@ -11,8 +13,9 @@ import javax.annotation.concurrent.Immutable;
 class BackoffFactoryImpl implements BackoffFactory {
 
 	@Override
-	public Backoff createBackoff(int minInterval, int maxInterval,
+	public Backoff createBackoff(EventBus eventBus, TransportId transportId,
-			double base) {
+			int minInterval, int maxInterval, double base) {
-		return new BackoffImpl(minInterval, maxInterval, base);
+		return new BackoffImpl(eventBus, transportId, minInterval, maxInterval,
+				base);
 	}
 }

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/BackoffImpl.java

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 package org.briarproject.bramble.plugin;
 
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.event.EventBus;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.Backoff;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TransportId;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent;
 
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
@@ -11,11 +14,16 @@ import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
 @NotNullByDefault
 class BackoffImpl implements Backoff {
 
+	private final EventBus eventBus;
+	private final TransportId transportId;
 	private final int minInterval, maxInterval;
 	private final double base;
 	private final AtomicInteger backoff;
 
-	BackoffImpl(int minInterval, int maxInterval, double base) {
+	BackoffImpl(EventBus eventBus, TransportId transportId,
+			int minInterval, int maxInterval, double base) {
+		this.eventBus = eventBus;
+		this.transportId = transportId;
 		this.minInterval = minInterval;
 		this.maxInterval = maxInterval;
 		this.base = base;
@@ -37,6 +45,9 @@ class BackoffImpl implements Backoff {
 
 	@Override
 	public void reset() {
-		backoff.set(0);
+		int old = backoff.getAndSet(0);
+		if (old > 0) {
+			eventBus.broadcast(new PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent(transportId));
+		}
 	}
 }

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/PluginManagerImpl.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TransportId;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.duplex.DuplexPlugin;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.duplex.DuplexPluginFactory;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.duplex.DuplexTransportConnection;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.TransportActiveEvent;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.TransportInactiveEvent;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.TransportStateEvent;
@@ -362,6 +363,11 @@ class PluginManagerImpl implements PluginManager, Service {
 			}
 		}
 
+		@Override
+		public void pollingIntervalDecreased() {
+			eventBus.broadcast(new PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent(id));
+		}
+
 		@Override
 		public void handleConnection(DuplexTransportConnection d) {
 			connectionManager.manageIncomingConnection(id, d);

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/PollerImpl.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TransportId;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.duplex.DuplexPlugin;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.duplex.DuplexTransportConnection;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.ConnectionClosedEvent;
-import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.ConnectionOpenedEvent;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.TransportActiveEvent;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.TransportInactiveEvent;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.simplex.SimplexPlugin;
@@ -107,10 +107,14 @@ class PollerImpl implements Poller, EventListener {
 			if (!c.isIncoming() && c.isException()) {
 				connectToContact(c.getContactId(), c.getTransportId());
 			}
-		} else if (e instanceof ConnectionOpenedEvent) {
+		} else if (e instanceof PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent) {
-			ConnectionOpenedEvent c = (ConnectionOpenedEvent) e;
+			PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent p = (PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent) e;
-			// Reschedule polling, the polling interval may have decreased
+			TransportId t = p.getTransportId();
-			reschedule(c.getTransportId());
+			if (LOG.isLoggable(INFO)) {
+				LOG.info("Polling interval decreased for " + t);
+			}
+			// Reschedule polling
+			reschedule(t);
 		} else if (e instanceof TransportActiveEvent) {
 			TransportActiveEvent t = (TransportActiveEvent) e;
 			// Poll the newly activated transport
@@ -228,7 +232,7 @@ class PollerImpl implements Poller, EventListener {
 				if (!connected.contains(c))
 					properties.add(new Pair<>(e.getValue(), new Handler(c, t)));
 			}
-			if (!properties.isEmpty()) p.poll(properties);
+			p.poll(properties);
 		} catch (DbException e) {
 			logException(LOG, WARNING, e);
 		}

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/bluetooth/AbstractBluetoothPlugin.java

@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ abstract class AbstractBluetoothPlugin<S, SS> implements BluetoothPlugin,
 	@Override
 	public void poll(Collection<Pair<TransportProperties, ConnectionHandler>>
 			properties) {
-		if (getState() != ACTIVE) return;
+		if (properties.isEmpty() || getState() != ACTIVE) return;
 		backoff.increment();
 		for (Pair<TransportProperties, ConnectionHandler> p : properties) {
 			connect(p.getFirst(), p.getSecond());

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tcp/LanTcpPluginFactory.java

@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ public class LanTcpPluginFactory implements DuplexPluginFactory {
 
 	@Override
 	public DuplexPlugin createPlugin(PluginCallback callback) {
-		Backoff backoff = backoffFactory.createBackoff(MIN_POLLING_INTERVAL,
+		Backoff backoff = backoffFactory.createBackoff(eventBus, ID,
-				MAX_POLLING_INTERVAL, BACKOFF_BASE);
+				MIN_POLLING_INTERVAL, MAX_POLLING_INTERVAL, BACKOFF_BASE);
 		LanTcpPlugin plugin = new LanTcpPlugin(ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor,
 				backoff, callback, MAX_LATENCY, MAX_IDLE_TIME,
 				CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tcp/TcpPlugin.java

@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ abstract class TcpPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventListener {
 	@Override
 	public void poll(Collection<Pair<TransportProperties, ConnectionHandler>>
 			properties) {
-		if (getState() != ACTIVE) return;
+		if (properties.isEmpty() || getState() != ACTIVE) return;
 		backoff.increment();
 		for (Pair<TransportProperties, ConnectionHandler> p : properties) {
 			connect(p.getFirst(), p.getSecond());

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tcp/WanTcpPluginFactory.java

@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ public class WanTcpPluginFactory implements DuplexPluginFactory {
 
 	@Override
 	public DuplexPlugin createPlugin(PluginCallback callback) {
-		Backoff backoff = backoffFactory.createBackoff(MIN_POLLING_INTERVAL,
+		Backoff backoff = backoffFactory.createBackoff(eventBus, ID,
-				MAX_POLLING_INTERVAL, BACKOFF_BASE);
+				MIN_POLLING_INTERVAL, MAX_POLLING_INTERVAL, BACKOFF_BASE);
 		PortMapper portMapper = new PortMapperImpl(shutdownManager);
 		WanTcpPlugin plugin = new WanTcpPlugin(ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor,
 				backoff, portMapper, callback, MAX_LATENCY, MAX_IDLE_TIME,

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/CircumventionProvider.java

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public interface CircumventionProvider {
 	 * Countries where bridge connections are likely to work.
 	 * Should be a subset of {@link #BLOCKED} and the union of
 	 * {@link #DEFAULT_BRIDGES}, {@link #NON_DEFAULT_BRIDGES} and
-	 * {@link #MEEK_BRIDGES}.
+	 * {@link #DPI_BRIDGES}.
 	 */
 	String[] BRIDGES = {"BY", "CN", "EG", "IR", "RU", "TM", "VE"};
 
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ public interface CircumventionProvider {
 	String[] NON_DEFAULT_BRIDGES = {"BY", "RU", "TM"};
 
 	/**
-	 * Countries where obfs4 and vanilla bridges won't work and meek is needed.
+	 * Countries where vanilla bridges are blocked via DPI but non-default
-	 * Should be a subset of {@link #BRIDGES}.
+	 * obfs4 bridges and meek may work. Should be a subset of {@link #BRIDGES}.
 	 */
-	String[] MEEK_BRIDGES = {"CN", "IR"};
+	String[] DPI_BRIDGES = {"CN", "IR"};
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns true if vanilla Tor connections are blocked in the given country.

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/CircumventionProviderImpl.java

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import javax.annotation.concurrent.Immutable;
 import javax.inject.Inject;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
-import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
 import static org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NullSafety.requireNonNull;
 import static org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.CircumventionProvider.BridgeType.DEFAULT_OBFS4;
 import static org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.CircumventionProvider.BridgeType.MEEK;
@@ -35,8 +34,8 @@ class CircumventionProviderImpl implements CircumventionProvider {
 			new HashSet<>(asList(DEFAULT_BRIDGES));
 	private static final Set<String> NON_DEFAULT_BRIDGE_COUNTRIES =
 			new HashSet<>(asList(NON_DEFAULT_BRIDGES));
-	private static final Set<String> MEEK_COUNTRIES =
+	private static final Set<String> DPI_COUNTRIES =
-			new HashSet<>(asList(MEEK_BRIDGES));
+			new HashSet<>(asList(DPI_BRIDGES));
 
 	@Inject
 	CircumventionProviderImpl() {
@@ -58,8 +57,8 @@ class CircumventionProviderImpl implements CircumventionProvider {
 			return asList(DEFAULT_OBFS4, VANILLA);
 		} else if (NON_DEFAULT_BRIDGE_COUNTRIES.contains(countryCode)) {
 			return asList(NON_DEFAULT_OBFS4, VANILLA);
-		} else if (MEEK_COUNTRIES.contains(countryCode)) {
+		} else if (DPI_COUNTRIES.contains(countryCode)) {
-			return singletonList(MEEK);
+			return asList(NON_DEFAULT_OBFS4, MEEK);
 		} else {
 			return asList(DEFAULT_OBFS4, VANILLA);
 		}

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/TorPlugin.java

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import org.briarproject.bramble.api.network.event.NetworkStatusEvent;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.MethodsNotNullByDefault;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.ParametersNotNullByDefault;
-import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.Backoff;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.ConnectionHandler;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.PluginCallback;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.PluginException;
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@ import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TorConstants;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TransportId;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.duplex.DuplexPlugin;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.duplex.DuplexTransportConnection;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.ConnectionClosedEvent;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.properties.TransportProperties;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.rendezvous.KeyMaterialSource;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.rendezvous.RendezvousEndpoint;
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ import javax.net.SocketFactory;
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
 import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
 import static java.util.Collections.singletonMap;
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MINUTES;
 import static java.util.logging.Level.INFO;
 import static java.util.logging.Level.WARNING;
 import static java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger;
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ import static org.briarproject.bramble.util.StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty;
 @ParametersNotNullByDefault
 abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 
-	private static final Logger LOG = getLogger(TorPlugin.class.getName());
+	protected static final Logger LOG = getLogger(TorPlugin.class.getName());
 
 	private static final String[] EVENTS = {
 			"CIRC",
@@ -124,14 +125,53 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 	private static final int COOKIE_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS = 200;
 	private static final Pattern ONION_V3 = Pattern.compile("[a-z2-7]{56}");
 
-	private final Executor ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor;
+	/**
+	 * After this many consecutive successful connections to our own hidden
+	 * service we consider the network to be stable.
+	 * <p>
+	 * This constant times {@link #POLLING_INTERVAL_UNSTABLE} should be
+	 * greater than {@link #POLLING_INTERVAL_STABLE}. This ensures that if
+	 * we experience a network outage that isn't detected by the
+	 * {@link NetworkManager}, and if one of our contacts comes online during
+	 * the outage, then either the outage lasts longer than
+	 * {@link #POLLING_INTERVAL_STABLE}, in which case we detect the outage
+	 * by failing to connect to our own hidden service, or the outage ends
+	 * before the contact considers their own network connection to be stable,
+	 * in which case the contact is still trying to connect to us when the
+	 * outage ends. Either way, we don't end up in a situation where both we
+	 * and the contact consider our network connections to be stable and stop
+	 * trying to connect to each other, despite both being online.
+	 */
+	private static final int STABLE_NETWORK_THRESHOLD = 10;
+
+	/**
+	 * After this many consecutive failed connections to our own hidden service
+	 * we consider our connection to the Tor network to be broken.
+	 */
+	private static final int BROKEN_NETWORK_THRESHOLD = 3;
+
+	/**
+	 * How often to poll our own hidden service when the network is considered
+	 * to be stable.
+	 */
+	private static final int POLLING_INTERVAL_STABLE =
+			(int) MINUTES.toMillis(10);
+
+	/**
+	 * How often to poll our own hidden service and our contacts' hidden
+	 * services when the network is considered to be unstable.
+	 */
+	private static final int POLLING_INTERVAL_UNSTABLE =
+			(int) MINUTES.toMillis(2);
+
+	protected final Executor ioExecutor;
+	private final Executor wakefulIoExecutor;
 	private final Executor connectionStatusExecutor;
 	private final NetworkManager networkManager;
 	private final LocationUtils locationUtils;
 	private final SocketFactory torSocketFactory;
 	private final Clock clock;
 	private final BatteryManager batteryManager;
-	private final Backoff backoff;
 	private final TorRendezvousCrypto torRendezvousCrypto;
 	private final PluginCallback callback;
 	private final String architecture;
@@ -151,6 +191,7 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 	private volatile Socket controlSocket = null;
 	private volatile TorControlConnection controlConnection = null;
 	private volatile Settings settings = null;
+	private volatile String ownOnion = null;
 
 	protected abstract int getProcessId();
 
@@ -165,7 +206,6 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 			ResourceProvider resourceProvider,
 			CircumventionProvider circumventionProvider,
 			BatteryManager batteryManager,
-			Backoff backoff,
 			TorRendezvousCrypto torRendezvousCrypto,
 			PluginCallback callback,
 			String architecture,
@@ -183,7 +223,6 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 		this.resourceProvider = resourceProvider;
 		this.circumventionProvider = circumventionProvider;
 		this.batteryManager = batteryManager;
-		this.backoff = backoff;
 		this.torRendezvousCrypto = torRendezvousCrypto;
 		this.callback = callback;
 		this.architecture = architecture;
@@ -254,34 +293,15 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 		Map<String, String> env = pb.environment();
 		env.put("HOME", torDirectory.getAbsolutePath());
 		pb.directory(torDirectory);
+		pb.redirectErrorStream(true);
 		try {
 			torProcess = pb.start();
 		} catch (SecurityException | IOException e) {
 			throw new PluginException(e);
 		}
-		// Log the process's standard output until it detaches
-		if (LOG.isLoggable(INFO)) {
-			Scanner stdout = new Scanner(torProcess.getInputStream());
-			Scanner stderr = new Scanner(torProcess.getErrorStream());
-			while (stdout.hasNextLine() || stderr.hasNextLine()) {
-				if (stdout.hasNextLine()) {
-					LOG.info(stdout.nextLine());
-				}
-				if (stderr.hasNextLine()) {
-					LOG.info(stderr.nextLine());
-				}
-			}
-			stdout.close();
-			stderr.close();
-		}
 		try {
-			// Wait for the process to detach or exit
+			// Wait for the Tor process to start
-			int exit = torProcess.waitFor();
+			waitForTorToStart(torProcess);
-			if (exit != 0) {
-				if (LOG.isLoggable(WARNING))
-					LOG.warning("Tor exited with value " + exit);
-				throw new PluginException();
-			}
 			// Wait for the auth cookie file to be created/updated
 			long start = clock.currentTimeMillis();
 			while (cookieFile.length() < 32) {
@@ -397,7 +417,7 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 		return zin;
 	}
 
-	private static void append(StringBuilder strb, String name, int value) {
+	private static void append(StringBuilder strb, String name, Object value) {
 		strb.append(name);
 		strb.append(" ");
 		strb.append(value);
@@ -405,13 +425,17 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 	}
 
 	private InputStream getConfigInputStream() {
+		File dataDirectory = new File(torDirectory, ".tor");
 		StringBuilder strb = new StringBuilder();
 		append(strb, "ControlPort", torControlPort);
 		append(strb, "CookieAuthentication", 1);
+		append(strb, "DataDirectory", dataDirectory.getAbsolutePath());
 		append(strb, "DisableNetwork", 1);
 		append(strb, "RunAsDaemon", 1);
 		append(strb, "SafeSocks", 1);
 		append(strb, "SocksPort", torSocksPort);
+		strb.append("GeoIPFile\n");
+		strb.append("GeoIPv6File\n");
 		//noinspection CharsetObjectCanBeUsed
 		return new ByteArrayInputStream(
 				strb.toString().getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
@@ -442,6 +466,23 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 		}
 	}
 
+	protected void waitForTorToStart(Process torProcess)
+			throws InterruptedException, PluginException {
+		Scanner stdout = new Scanner(torProcess.getInputStream());
+		// Log the first line of stdout (contains Tor and library versions)
+		if (stdout.hasNextLine()) LOG.info(stdout.nextLine());
+		// Read the process's stdout (and redirected stderr) until it detaches
+		while (stdout.hasNextLine()) stdout.nextLine();
+		stdout.close();
+		// Wait for the process to detach or exit
+		int exit = torProcess.waitFor();
+		if (exit != 0) {
+			if (LOG.isLoggable(WARNING))
+				LOG.warning("Tor exited with value " + exit);
+			throw new PluginException();
+		}
+	}
+
 	private void bind() {
 		ioExecutor.execute(() -> {
 			// If there's already a port number stored in config, reuse it
@@ -471,7 +512,6 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 			callback.mergeSettings(s);
 			// Create a hidden service if necessary
 			ioExecutor.execute(() -> publishHiddenService(localPort));
-			backoff.reset();
 			// Accept incoming hidden service connections from Tor
 			acceptContactConnections(ss);
 		});
@@ -510,6 +550,7 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 			return;
 		}
 		String onion3 = response.get(HS_ADDRESS);
+		ownOnion = onion3;
 		if (LOG.isLoggable(INFO)) {
 			LOG.info("V3 hidden service " + scrubOnion(onion3));
 		}
@@ -538,7 +579,6 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 				return;
 			}
 			LOG.info("Connection received");
-			backoff.reset();
 			callback.handleConnection(new TorTransportConnection(this, s));
 		}
 	}
@@ -615,14 +655,58 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 
 	@Override
 	public int getPollingInterval() {
-		return backoff.getPollingInterval();
+		if (state.isNetworkStable()) {
+			LOG.info("Using stable polling interval");
+			return POLLING_INTERVAL_STABLE;
+		} else {
+			LOG.info("Using unstable polling interval");
+			return POLLING_INTERVAL_UNSTABLE;
+		}
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void poll(Collection<Pair<TransportProperties, ConnectionHandler>>
 			properties) {
 		if (getState() != ACTIVE) return;
-		backoff.increment();
+		String ownOnion = this.ownOnion;
+		if (ownOnion == null) {
+			// Our own hidden service hasn't been created yet
+			pollContacts(properties);
+		} else {
+			// If the network is unstable, poll our contacts
+			boolean stable = state.isNetworkStable();
+			if (!stable) pollContacts(properties);
+			// Poll our own hidden service to check if the network is stable
+			wakefulIoExecutor.execute(() -> {
+				LOG.info("Connecting to own hidden service");
+				TransportProperties p = new TransportProperties();
+				p.put(PROP_ONION_V3, ownOnion);
+				DuplexTransportConnection d = createConnection(p);
+				if (d == null) {
+					LOG.info("Could not connect to own hidden service");
+					state.onStabilityCheckFailed();
+					// If the network was previously considered stable then
+					// we didn't poll our contacts above, so poll them now
+					if (stable) pollContacts(properties);
+				} else {
+					LOG.info("Connected to own hidden service");
+					// Close the connection (this will cause the other end of
+					// the connection to log an EOFException)
+					try {
+						d.getWriter().dispose(false);
+						d.getReader().dispose(false, false);
+					} catch (IOException e) {
+						logException(LOG, WARNING, e);
+					}
+					state.onStabilityCheckSucceeded();
+				}
+			});
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void pollContacts(
+			Collection<Pair<TransportProperties, ConnectionHandler>> properties) {
+		if (properties.isEmpty() || getState() != ACTIVE) return;
 		for (Pair<TransportProperties, ConnectionHandler> p : properties) {
 			connect(p.getFirst(), p.getSecond());
 		}
@@ -631,10 +715,7 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 	private void connect(TransportProperties p, ConnectionHandler h) {
 		wakefulIoExecutor.execute(() -> {
 			DuplexTransportConnection d = createConnection(p);
-			if (d != null) {
+			if (d != null) h.handleConnection(d);
-				backoff.reset();
-				h.handleConnection(d);
-			}
 		});
 	}
 
@@ -757,7 +838,6 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 		// DisableNetwork, set our circuitBuilt flag if not already set
 		if (status.equals("BUILT") && !state.getAndSetCircuitBuilt(true)) {
 			LOG.info("Circuit built");
-			backoff.reset();
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -784,6 +864,9 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 	@Override
 	public void message(String severity, String msg) {
 		if (LOG.isLoggable(INFO)) LOG.info(severity + " " + msg);
+		if (msg.startsWith("Switching to guard context")) {
+			state.resetNetworkStability();
+		}
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -810,12 +893,8 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 		if (msg.startsWith("BOOTSTRAP PROGRESS=100")) {
 			LOG.info("Bootstrapped");
 			state.setBootstrapped();
-			backoff.reset();
 		} else if (msg.startsWith("CIRCUIT_ESTABLISHED")) {
-			if (!state.getAndSetCircuitBuilt(true)) {
+			if (!state.getAndSetCircuitBuilt(true)) LOG.info("Circuit built");
-				LOG.info("Circuit built");
-				backoff.reset();
-			}
 		} else if (msg.startsWith("CIRCUIT_NOT_ESTABLISHED")) {
 			if (state.getAndSetCircuitBuilt(false)) {
 				LOG.info("Circuit not built");
@@ -860,7 +939,15 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 
 	@Override
 	public void eventOccurred(Event e) {
-		if (e instanceof SettingsUpdatedEvent) {
+		if (e instanceof ConnectionClosedEvent) {
+			ConnectionClosedEvent c = (ConnectionClosedEvent) e;
+			if (c.getTransportId().equals(getId())
+					&& !c.isIncoming() && c.isException()) {
+				LOG.info("Outgoing connection closed with exception");
+				// The failure may indicate that the network is unstable
+				state.resetNetworkStability();
+			}
+		} else if (e instanceof SettingsUpdatedEvent) {
 			SettingsUpdatedEvent s = (SettingsUpdatedEvent) e;
 			if (s.getNamespace().equals(ID.getString())) {
 				LOG.info("Tor settings updated");
@@ -877,6 +964,18 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 		}
 	}
 
+	private void disableAndReenableNetwork() {
+		connectionStatusExecutor.execute(() -> {
+			try {
+				if (state.isTorRunning()) enableNetwork(false);
+			} catch (IOException ex) {
+				logException(LOG, WARNING, ex);
+			}
+		});
+		updateConnectionStatus(networkManager.getNetworkStatus(),
+				batteryManager.isCharging());
+	}
+
 	private void updateConnectionStatus(NetworkStatus status,
 			boolean charging) {
 		connectionStatusExecutor.execute(() -> {
@@ -1005,6 +1104,13 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 		@GuardedBy("this")
 		private int reasonsDisabled = 0;
 
+		/**
+		 * The number of consecutive successful (positive) or failed (negative)
+		 * connections to our own hidden service.
+		 */
+		@GuardedBy("this")
+		private int networkStability = 0;
+
 		@GuardedBy("this")
 		@Nullable
 		private ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
@@ -1099,6 +1205,7 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 			}
 			logOrConnections();
 			if (orConnectionsConnected == 0 && oldConnected != 0) {
+				resetNetworkStability();
 				callback.pluginStateChanged(getState());
 			}
 		}
@@ -1109,5 +1216,43 @@ abstract class TorPlugin implements DuplexPlugin, EventHandler, EventListener {
 				LOG.info(orConnectionsConnected + " OR connections connected");
 			}
 		}
+
+		private synchronized boolean isNetworkStable() {
+			return networkStability >= STABLE_NETWORK_THRESHOLD;
+		}
+
+		private synchronized void onStabilityCheckSucceeded() {
+			if (networkStability <= 0) networkStability = 1;
+			else networkStability++;
+			logNetworkStability();
+		}
+
+		private synchronized void onStabilityCheckFailed() {
+			if (networkStability >= 0) networkStability = -1;
+			else networkStability--;
+			if (networkStability <= -BROKEN_NETWORK_THRESHOLD) {
+				LOG.warning("Connection to Tor appears to be broken");
+				resetNetworkStability();
+				disableAndReenableNetwork();
+			} else {
+				logNetworkStability();
+			}
+		}
+
+		private synchronized void resetNetworkStability() {
+			int old = networkStability;
+			networkStability = 0;
+			logNetworkStability();
+			if (old >= STABLE_NETWORK_THRESHOLD) {
+				callback.pollingIntervalDecreased();
+			}
+		}
+
+		@GuardedBy("this")
+		private void logNetworkStability() {
+			if (LOG.isLoggable(INFO)) {
+				LOG.info("Network stability score " + networkStability);
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }

bramble-core/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/TorPluginFactory.java

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ import org.briarproject.bramble.api.event.EventBus;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.lifecycle.IoExecutor;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.network.NetworkManager;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.Backoff;
-import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.BackoffFactory;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.PluginCallback;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TorConstants;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TorControlPort;
@@ -41,16 +39,12 @@ abstract class TorPluginFactory implements DuplexPluginFactory {
 
 	protected static final int MAX_LATENCY = 30 * 1000; // 30 seconds
 	protected static final int MAX_IDLE_TIME = 30 * 1000; // 30 seconds
-	private static final int MIN_POLLING_INTERVAL = 60 * 1000; // 1 minute
-	private static final int MAX_POLLING_INTERVAL = 10 * 60 * 1000; // 10 mins
-	private static final double BACKOFF_BASE = 1.2;
 
 	protected final Executor ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor;
 	protected final NetworkManager networkManager;
 	protected final LocationUtils locationUtils;
 	protected final EventBus eventBus;
 	protected final SocketFactory torSocketFactory;
-	protected final BackoffFactory backoffFactory;
 	protected final ResourceProvider resourceProvider;
 	protected final CircumventionProvider circumventionProvider;
 	protected final BatteryManager batteryManager;
@@ -66,7 +60,6 @@ abstract class TorPluginFactory implements DuplexPluginFactory {
 			LocationUtils locationUtils,
 			EventBus eventBus,
 			SocketFactory torSocketFactory,
-			BackoffFactory backoffFactory,
 			ResourceProvider resourceProvider,
 			CircumventionProvider circumventionProvider,
 			BatteryManager batteryManager,
@@ -81,7 +74,6 @@ abstract class TorPluginFactory implements DuplexPluginFactory {
 		this.locationUtils = locationUtils;
 		this.eventBus = eventBus;
 		this.torSocketFactory = torSocketFactory;
-		this.backoffFactory = backoffFactory;
 		this.resourceProvider = resourceProvider;
 		this.circumventionProvider = circumventionProvider;
 		this.batteryManager = batteryManager;
@@ -95,7 +87,7 @@ abstract class TorPluginFactory implements DuplexPluginFactory {
 	@Nullable
 	abstract String getArchitectureForTorBinary();
 
-	abstract TorPlugin createPluginInstance(Backoff backoff,
+	abstract TorPlugin createPluginInstance(
 			TorRendezvousCrypto torRendezvousCrypto, PluginCallback callback,
 			String architecture);
 
@@ -122,11 +114,9 @@ abstract class TorPluginFactory implements DuplexPluginFactory {
 			LOG.info("The selected architecture for Tor is " + architecture);
 		}
 
-		Backoff backoff = backoffFactory.createBackoff(MIN_POLLING_INTERVAL,
-				MAX_POLLING_INTERVAL, BACKOFF_BASE);
 		TorRendezvousCrypto torRendezvousCrypto =
 				new TorRendezvousCryptoImpl(crypto);
-		TorPlugin plugin = createPluginInstance(backoff, torRendezvousCrypto,
+		TorPlugin plugin = createPluginInstance(torRendezvousCrypto,
 				callback, architecture);
 		eventBus.addListener(plugin);
 		return plugin;

bramble-core/src/main/resources/bridges

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ n Bridge obfs4 46.226.107.197:10300 A38FD6BDFD902882F5F5B9B7CCC95602A20B0BC4 cer
 n Bridge obfs4 185.181.11.86:443 A961609729E7FDF520B4E81F1F1B8FA1045285C3 cert=e5faG9Zk4Ni+e7z2YgGfevyKPQlMvkVGi4ublSsHYjaBovKeNXpOhbeFxzbZZoAzxAoGUQ iat-mode=0
 n Bridge obfs4 85.242.211.221:8042 A36A938DD7FDB8BACC846BA326EE0BA0D89A9252 cert=1AN6Pt1eFca3Y/WYD2TGAU3Al9cO4eouXE9SX63s66Z/ks3tVmgQ5GeXi1B5DOvx6Il7Zw iat-mode=0
 n Bridge obfs4 74.104.165.202:9002 EF432018A6AA5D970B2F84E39CD30A147030141C cert=PhppfUusY85dHGvWtGTybZ1fED4DtbHmALkNMIOIYrAz1B4xN7/2a5gyiZe1epju1BOHVg iat-mode=0
-n Bridge obfs4 70.34.242.31:443 7F026956402CDFF4BCBA8E11EE9C50E3FE0A2B72 cert=hP/KU7JATSfWH3HwS5Er/YLT0J+bRO3+s2fWx2yirrgf37EyrWvm/BQshoNje8WfUm6CBw iat-mode=0
 n Bridge obfs4 93.95.226.151:41185 460B0CFFC0CF1D965F3DE064E08BA1915E7C916A cert=inluPzp5Jp5OzZar1eQb4dcQ/YlAj/v0kHAUCoCr3rmLt03+pVuVTjoH4mRy4+acXpn+Gw iat-mode=0
 n Bridge obfs4 120.29.217.52:5223 40FE3DB9800272F9CDC76422F8ED7883280EE96D cert=/71PS4l8c/XJ4DIItlH9xMqNvPFg2RUTrHvPlQWh48u5et8h/yyyjCcYphUadDsfBWpaGQ iat-mode=0
 n Bridge obfs4 83.97.179.29:1199 D83068BFAA28E71DB024B786E1E803BE14257127 cert=IduGtt05tM59Xmvo0oVNWgIRgY4OGPJjFP+y2oa6RMDHQBL/GRyFOOgX70iiazNAIJNkPw iat-mode=0
@@ -24,7 +23,11 @@ n Bridge obfs4 76.255.201.112:8888 96CF36C2ECCFB7376AB6BE905BECD2C2AE8AEFCD cert
 n Bridge obfs4 65.108.159.114:14174 E1AD374BA9F34BD98862D128AC54D40C7DC138AE cert=YMkxMSBN2OOd99AkJpFaEUyKkdqZgJt9oVJEgO1QnT37n/Vc2yR4nhx4k4VkPLfEP1f4eg iat-mode=0
 n Bridge obfs4 185.177.207.138:8443 53716FE26F23C8C6A71A2BC5D9D8DC64747278C7 cert=6jcYVilMEzxdsWghSrQFpYYJlkkir/GPIXw/EnddUK3S8ToVpMG8u1SwMOEdEs735RrMHw iat-mode=0
 n Bridge obfs4 176.123.2.253:1933 B855D141CE6C4DE0F7EA4AAED83EBA8373FA8191 cert=1rOoSaRagc6PPR//paIl+ukv1N+xWKCdBXMFxK0k/moEwH0lk5bURBrUDzIX35fVzaiicQ iat-mode=0
+n Bridge obfs4 5.252.176.61:9418 3E61130100AD827AB9CB33DAC052D9BC49A39509 cert=/aMyBPnKbQFISithD3i1KHUdpWeMpWG3SvUpq1YWCf2EQohFxQfw+646gW1knm4BI/DLRA iat-mode=0
+n Bridge obfs4 70.34.213.156:12345 BC1C79ABBAE085D305346E7A2B0E838953B4B4D3 cert=3Sk4uA3/NiAsn4ObOUzjIzARclGmkiEUrku8o8bkq4ZL+dek9uLj/d5LZ5nAXT6L9S0CZA iat-mode=0
+n Bridge obfs4 202.61.224.111:6902 A4F91299763DB925AE3BD29A0FC1A9821E5D9BAE cert=NBKm2MJ83wMvYShkqpD5RrbDtW5YpIZrFNnMw7Dj1XOM3plU60Bh4eziaQXe8fGtb8ZqKg iat-mode=0
 v Bridge 135.181.113.164:54444 74AF4CCA614C454B7D3E81FF8BACD78CEBC7D7DE
 v Bridge 92.243.15.235:9001 477EAD3C04036B48235F1F27FC91420A286A4B7F
 v Bridge 77.96.91.103:443 ED000A75B79A58F1D83A4D1675C2A9395B71BE8E
+v Bridge 213.108.108.145:17674 A39C0FE47963B6E8CFE9815549864DE544935A31
 m Bridge meek_lite 192.0.2.2:2 97700DFE9F483596DDA6264C4D7DF7641E1E39CE url=https://meek.azureedge.net/ front=ajax.aspnetcdn.com

bramble-core/src/test/java/org/briarproject/bramble/mailbox/ConnectivityCheckerImplTest.java

@@ -187,6 +187,32 @@ public class ConnectivityCheckerImplTest extends BrambleMockTestCase {
 		checker.onConnectivityCheckSucceeded(now);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	public void testCheckIsCancelledWhenObserverIsRemoved() {
+		ConnectivityCheckerImpl checker = createChecker();
+
+		// When checkConnectivity() is called a check should be started
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(clock).currentTimeMillis();
+			will(returnValue(now));
+			oneOf(mailboxApiCaller).retryWithBackoff(apiCall);
+			will(returnValue(task));
+		}});
+
+		checker.checkConnectivity(properties, observer1);
+
+		// When the observer is removed the check should be cancelled
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(task).cancel();
+		}});
+
+		checker.removeObserver(observer1);
+
+		// If the check runs anyway (cancellation came too late) the observer
+		// should not be called
+		checker.onConnectivityCheckSucceeded(now);
+	}
+
 	private ConnectivityCheckerImpl createChecker() {
 
 		return new ConnectivityCheckerImpl(clock, mailboxApiCaller) {

bramble-core/src/test/java/org/briarproject/bramble/mailbox/ContactMailboxDownloadWorkerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+package org.briarproject.bramble.mailbox;
+
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.mailbox.MailboxFileId;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.mailbox.MailboxProperties;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.mailbox.MailboxApi.MailboxFile;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.mailbox.MailboxApi.TolerableFailureException;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.test.BrambleMockTestCase;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.test.CaptureArgumentAction;
+import org.jmock.Expectations;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static org.briarproject.bramble.api.mailbox.MailboxConstants.CLIENT_SUPPORTS;
+import static org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NullSafety.requireNonNull;
+import static org.briarproject.bramble.test.TestUtils.deleteTestDirectory;
+import static org.briarproject.bramble.test.TestUtils.getMailboxProperties;
+import static org.briarproject.bramble.test.TestUtils.getRandomId;
+import static org.briarproject.bramble.test.TestUtils.getTestDirectory;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+
+public class ContactMailboxDownloadWorkerTest extends BrambleMockTestCase {
+
+	private final ConnectivityChecker connectivityChecker =
+			context.mock(ConnectivityChecker.class);
+	private final TorReachabilityMonitor torReachabilityMonitor =
+			context.mock(TorReachabilityMonitor.class);
+	private final MailboxApiCaller mailboxApiCaller =
+			context.mock(MailboxApiCaller.class);
+	private final MailboxApi mailboxApi = context.mock(MailboxApi.class);
+	private final MailboxFileManager mailboxFileManager =
+			context.mock(MailboxFileManager.class);
+
+	private final MailboxProperties mailboxProperties =
+			getMailboxProperties(false, CLIENT_SUPPORTS);
+	private final long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+	private final MailboxFile file1 =
+			new MailboxFile(new MailboxFileId(getRandomId()), now - 1);
+	private final MailboxFile file2 =
+			new MailboxFile(new MailboxFileId(getRandomId()), now);
+	private final List<MailboxFile> files = asList(file1, file2);
+
+	private File testDir, tempFile;
+	private ContactMailboxDownloadWorker worker;
+
+	@Before
+	public void setUp() {
+		testDir = getTestDirectory();
+		tempFile = new File(testDir, "temp");
+		worker = new ContactMailboxDownloadWorker(connectivityChecker,
+				torReachabilityMonitor, mailboxApiCaller, mailboxApi,
+				mailboxFileManager, mailboxProperties);
+	}
+
+	@After
+	public void tearDown() {
+		deleteTestDirectory(testDir);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testChecksConnectivityWhenStartedAndRemovesObserverWhenDestroyed() {
+		// When the worker is started it should start a connectivity check
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(connectivityChecker).checkConnectivity(
+					with(mailboxProperties), with(worker));
+		}});
+
+		worker.start();
+
+		// When the worker is destroyed it should remove the connectivity
+		// and reachability observers
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(connectivityChecker).removeObserver(worker);
+			oneOf(torReachabilityMonitor).removeObserver(worker);
+		}});
+
+		worker.destroy();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testDownloadsFilesWhenConnectivityCheckSucceeds()
+			throws Exception {
+		// When the worker is started it should start a connectivity check
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(connectivityChecker).checkConnectivity(
+					with(mailboxProperties), with(worker));
+		}});
+
+		worker.start();
+
+		// When the connectivity check succeeds, a list-inbox task should be
+		// started for the first download cycle
+		AtomicReference<ApiCall> listTask = new AtomicReference<>(null);
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(mailboxApiCaller).retryWithBackoff(with(any(ApiCall.class)));
+			will(new CaptureArgumentAction<>(listTask, ApiCall.class, 0));
+		}});
+
+		worker.onConnectivityCheckSucceeded();
+
+		// When the list-inbox tasks runs and finds some files to download,
+		// it should start a download task for the first file
+		AtomicReference<ApiCall> downloadTask = new AtomicReference<>(null);
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(mailboxApi).getFiles(mailboxProperties,
+					requireNonNull(mailboxProperties.getInboxId()));
+			will(returnValue(files));
+			oneOf(mailboxApiCaller).retryWithBackoff(with(any(ApiCall.class)));
+			will(new CaptureArgumentAction<>(downloadTask, ApiCall.class, 0));
+		}});
+
+		assertFalse(listTask.get().callApi());
+
+		// When the first download task runs it should download the file to the
+		// location provided by the file manager and start a delete task
+		AtomicReference<ApiCall> deleteTask = new AtomicReference<>(null);
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(mailboxFileManager).createTempFileForDownload();
+			will(returnValue(tempFile));
+			oneOf(mailboxApi).getFile(mailboxProperties,
+					requireNonNull(mailboxProperties.getInboxId()),
+					file1.name, tempFile);
+			oneOf(mailboxFileManager).handleDownloadedFile(tempFile);
+			oneOf(mailboxApiCaller).retryWithBackoff(with(any(ApiCall.class)));
+			will(new CaptureArgumentAction<>(deleteTask, ApiCall.class, 0));
+		}});
+
+		assertFalse(downloadTask.get().callApi());
+
+		// When the first delete task runs it should delete the file, ignore
+		// the tolerable failure, and start a download task for the next file
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(mailboxApi).deleteFile(mailboxProperties,
+					requireNonNull(mailboxProperties.getInboxId()), file1.name);
+			will(throwException(new TolerableFailureException()));
+			oneOf(mailboxApiCaller).retryWithBackoff(with(any(ApiCall.class)));
+			will(new CaptureArgumentAction<>(downloadTask, ApiCall.class, 0));
+		}});
+
+		assertFalse(deleteTask.get().callApi());
+
+		// When the second download task runs it should download the file to
+		// the location provided by the file manager and start a delete task
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(mailboxFileManager).createTempFileForDownload();
+			will(returnValue(tempFile));
+			oneOf(mailboxApi).getFile(mailboxProperties,
+					requireNonNull(mailboxProperties.getInboxId()),
+					file2.name, tempFile);
+			oneOf(mailboxFileManager).handleDownloadedFile(tempFile);
+			oneOf(mailboxApiCaller).retryWithBackoff(with(any(ApiCall.class)));
+			will(new CaptureArgumentAction<>(deleteTask, ApiCall.class, 0));
+		}});
+
+		assertFalse(downloadTask.get().callApi());
+
+		// When the second delete task runs it should delete the file and
+		// start a list-inbox task to check for files that may have arrived
+		// since the first download cycle started
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(mailboxApi).deleteFile(mailboxProperties,
+					requireNonNull(mailboxProperties.getInboxId()), file2.name);
+			will(throwException(new TolerableFailureException()));
+			oneOf(mailboxApiCaller).retryWithBackoff(with(any(ApiCall.class)));
+			will(new CaptureArgumentAction<>(listTask, ApiCall.class, 0));
+		}});
+
+		assertFalse(deleteTask.get().callApi());
+
+		// When the list-inbox tasks runs and finds no more files to download,
+		// it should add a Tor reachability observer
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(mailboxApi).getFiles(mailboxProperties,
+					requireNonNull(mailboxProperties.getInboxId()));
+			will(returnValue(emptyList()));
+			oneOf(torReachabilityMonitor).addOneShotObserver(worker);
+		}});
+
+		assertFalse(listTask.get().callApi());
+
+		// When the reachability observer is called, a list-inbox task should
+		// be started for the second download cycle
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(mailboxApiCaller).retryWithBackoff(with(any(ApiCall.class)));
+			will(new CaptureArgumentAction<>(listTask, ApiCall.class, 0));
+		}});
+
+		worker.onTorReachable();
+
+		// When the list-inbox tasks runs and finds no more files to download,
+		// it should finish the second download cycle
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(mailboxApi).getFiles(mailboxProperties,
+					requireNonNull(mailboxProperties.getInboxId()));
+			will(returnValue(emptyList()));
+		}});
+
+		assertFalse(listTask.get().callApi());
+
+		// When the worker is destroyed it should remove the connectivity
+		// and reachability observers
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(connectivityChecker).removeObserver(worker);
+			oneOf(torReachabilityMonitor).removeObserver(worker);
+		}});
+
+		worker.destroy();
+	}
+}

bramble-core/src/test/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/BackoffImplTest.java

@@ -1,45 +1,69 @@
 package org.briarproject.bramble.plugin;
 
-import org.briarproject.bramble.test.BrambleTestCase;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.event.EventBus;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TransportId;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.test.BrambleMockTestCase;
+import org.jmock.Expectations;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
+import static org.briarproject.bramble.test.TestUtils.getTransportId;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
-public class BackoffImplTest extends BrambleTestCase {
+public class BackoffImplTest extends BrambleMockTestCase {
 
+	private final EventBus eventBus = context.mock(EventBus.class);
+
+	private final TransportId transportId = getTransportId();
 	private static final int MIN_INTERVAL = 60 * 1000;
 	private static final int MAX_INTERVAL = 60 * 60 * 1000;
 	private static final double BASE = 1.2;
 
 	@Test
 	public void testPollingIntervalStartsAtMinimum() {
-		BackoffImpl b = new BackoffImpl(MIN_INTERVAL, MAX_INTERVAL, BASE);
+		BackoffImpl b = new BackoffImpl(eventBus, transportId,
+				MIN_INTERVAL, MAX_INTERVAL, BASE);
 		assertEquals(MIN_INTERVAL, b.getPollingInterval());
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testIncrementIncreasesPollingInterval() {
+	public void testIncrementMethodIncreasesPollingInterval() {
-		BackoffImpl b = new BackoffImpl(MIN_INTERVAL, MAX_INTERVAL, BASE);
+		BackoffImpl b = new BackoffImpl(eventBus, transportId,
+				MIN_INTERVAL, MAX_INTERVAL, BASE);
 		b.increment();
 		assertTrue(b.getPollingInterval() > MIN_INTERVAL);
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testResetResetsPollingInterval() {
+	public void testResetMethodResetsPollingInterval() {
-		BackoffImpl b = new BackoffImpl(MIN_INTERVAL, MAX_INTERVAL, BASE);
+		BackoffImpl b = new BackoffImpl(eventBus, transportId,
-		b.increment();
+				MIN_INTERVAL, MAX_INTERVAL, BASE);
 		b.increment();
+		assertTrue(b.getPollingInterval() > MIN_INTERVAL);
+
+		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
+			oneOf(eventBus).broadcast(with(any(
+					PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent.class)));
+		}});
+
+		b.reset();
+		assertEquals(MIN_INTERVAL, b.getPollingInterval());
+		context.assertIsSatisfied();
+
+		// Resetting again should not broadcast another event
 		b.reset();
 		assertEquals(MIN_INTERVAL, b.getPollingInterval());
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testBaseAffectsBackoffSpeed() {
-		BackoffImpl b = new BackoffImpl(MIN_INTERVAL, MAX_INTERVAL, BASE);
+		BackoffImpl b = new BackoffImpl(eventBus, transportId,
+				MIN_INTERVAL, MAX_INTERVAL, BASE);
 		b.increment();
 		int interval = b.getPollingInterval();
-		BackoffImpl b1 = new BackoffImpl(MIN_INTERVAL, MAX_INTERVAL, BASE * 2);
+		BackoffImpl b1 = new BackoffImpl(eventBus, transportId, MIN_INTERVAL,
+				MAX_INTERVAL, BASE * 2);
 		b1.increment();
 		int interval1 = b1.getPollingInterval();
 		assertTrue(interval < interval1);
@@ -47,15 +71,16 @@ public class BackoffImplTest extends BrambleTestCase {
 
 	@Test
 	public void testIntervalDoesNotExceedMaxInterval() {
-		BackoffImpl b = new BackoffImpl(MIN_INTERVAL, MAX_INTERVAL, BASE);
+		BackoffImpl b = new BackoffImpl(eventBus, transportId,
+				MIN_INTERVAL, MAX_INTERVAL, BASE);
 		for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) b.increment();
 		assertEquals(MAX_INTERVAL, b.getPollingInterval());
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testIntervalDoesNotExceedMaxIntervalWithInfiniteMultiplier() {
-		BackoffImpl b = new BackoffImpl(MIN_INTERVAL, MAX_INTERVAL,
+		BackoffImpl b = new BackoffImpl(eventBus, transportId,
-				Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+				MIN_INTERVAL, MAX_INTERVAL, Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
 		b.increment();
 		assertEquals(MAX_INTERVAL, b.getPollingInterval());
 	}

bramble-core/src/test/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/PollerImplTest.java

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TransportId;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.duplex.DuplexPlugin;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.duplex.DuplexTransportConnection;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.ConnectionClosedEvent;
-import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.ConnectionOpenedEvent;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.TransportActiveEvent;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.event.TransportInactiveEvent;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.simplex.SimplexPlugin;
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
 import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
-import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
 import static java.util.Collections.singletonMap;
 import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
 import static org.briarproject.bramble.test.CollectionMatcher.collectionOf;
@@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ public class PollerImplTest extends BrambleMockTestCase {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testRescheduleOnConnectionOpened() {
+	public void testRescheduleOnPollingIntervalDecreased() {
 		Plugin plugin = context.mock(Plugin.class);
 
 		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
@@ -240,8 +239,7 @@ public class PollerImplTest extends BrambleMockTestCase {
 			will(returnValue(cancellable));
 		}});
 
-		poller.eventOccurred(new ConnectionOpenedEvent(contactId, transportId,
+		poller.eventOccurred(new PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent(transportId));
-				false));
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -281,10 +279,8 @@ public class PollerImplTest extends BrambleMockTestCase {
 			will(returnValue(now + 1));
 		}});
 
-		poller.eventOccurred(new ConnectionOpenedEvent(contactId, transportId,
+		poller.eventOccurred(new PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent(transportId));
-				false));
+		poller.eventOccurred(new PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent(transportId));
-		poller.eventOccurred(new ConnectionOpenedEvent(contactId, transportId,
-				false));
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -328,10 +324,8 @@ public class PollerImplTest extends BrambleMockTestCase {
 					with(MILLISECONDS));
 		}});
 
-		poller.eventOccurred(new ConnectionOpenedEvent(contactId, transportId,
+		poller.eventOccurred(new PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent(transportId));
-				false));
+		poller.eventOccurred(new PollingIntervalDecreasedEvent(transportId));
-		poller.eventOccurred(new ConnectionOpenedEvent(contactId, transportId,
-				false));
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -378,48 +372,6 @@ public class PollerImplTest extends BrambleMockTestCase {
 		poller.eventOccurred(new TransportActiveEvent(transportId));
 	}
 
-	@Test
-	public void testDoesNotPollIfAllContactsAreConnected() throws Exception {
-		DuplexPlugin plugin = context.mock(DuplexPlugin.class);
-
-		context.checking(new Expectations() {{
-			allowing(plugin).getId();
-			will(returnValue(transportId));
-			// Get the plugin
-			oneOf(pluginManager).getPlugin(transportId);
-			will(returnValue(plugin));
-			// The plugin supports polling
-			oneOf(plugin).shouldPoll();
-			will(returnValue(true));
-			// Schedule a polling task immediately
-			oneOf(clock).currentTimeMillis();
-			will(returnValue(now));
-			oneOf(scheduler).schedule(with(any(Runnable.class)),
-					with(ioExecutor), with(0L), with(MILLISECONDS));
-			will(returnValue(cancellable));
-			will(new RunAction());
-			// Running the polling task schedules the next polling task
-			oneOf(plugin).getPollingInterval();
-			will(returnValue(pollingInterval));
-			oneOf(random).nextDouble();
-			will(returnValue(0.5));
-			oneOf(clock).currentTimeMillis();
-			will(returnValue(now));
-			oneOf(scheduler).schedule(with(any(Runnable.class)),
-					with(ioExecutor), with((long) (pollingInterval * 0.5)),
-					with(MILLISECONDS));
-			will(returnValue(cancellable));
-			// Get the transport properties and connected contacts
-			oneOf(transportPropertyManager).getRemoteProperties(transportId);
-			will(returnValue(singletonMap(contactId, properties)));
-			oneOf(connectionRegistry).getConnectedOrBetterContacts(transportId);
-			will(returnValue(singletonList(contactId)));
-			// All contacts are connected, so don't poll the plugin
-		}});
-
-		poller.eventOccurred(new TransportActiveEvent(transportId));
-	}
-
 	@Test
 	public void testCancelsPollingOnTransportDeactivated() {
 		Plugin plugin = context.mock(Plugin.class);

bramble-core/src/test/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tcp/LanTcpPluginTest.java

@@ -342,6 +342,10 @@ public class LanTcpPluginTest extends BrambleTestCase {
 		public void pluginStateChanged(State newState) {
 		}
 
+		@Override
+		public void pollingIntervalDecreased() {
+		}
+
 		@Override
 		public void handleConnection(DuplexTransportConnection d) {
 			connectionsLatch.countDown();

bramble-core/src/test/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/CircumventionProviderTest.java

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
-import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
 import static org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.CircumventionProvider.BLOCKED;
 import static org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.CircumventionProvider.BRIDGES;
 import static org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.CircumventionProvider.BridgeType.DEFAULT_OBFS4;
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ import static org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.CircumventionProvider.BridgeTy
 import static org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.CircumventionProvider.BridgeType.NON_DEFAULT_OBFS4;
 import static org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.CircumventionProvider.BridgeType.VANILLA;
 import static org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.CircumventionProvider.DEFAULT_BRIDGES;
-import static org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.CircumventionProvider.MEEK_BRIDGES;
+import static org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.CircumventionProvider.DPI_BRIDGES;
 import static org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.CircumventionProvider.NON_DEFAULT_BRIDGES;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
@@ -32,18 +31,18 @@ public class CircumventionProviderTest extends BrambleTestCase {
 		Set<String> defaultBridges = new HashSet<>(asList(DEFAULT_BRIDGES));
 		Set<String> nonDefaultBridges =
 				new HashSet<>(asList(NON_DEFAULT_BRIDGES));
-		Set<String> meekBridges = new HashSet<>(asList(MEEK_BRIDGES));
+		Set<String> dpiBridges = new HashSet<>(asList(DPI_BRIDGES));
 		// BRIDGES should be a subset of BLOCKED
 		assertTrue(blocked.containsAll(bridges));
 		// BRIDGES should be the union of the bridge type sets
 		Set<String> union = new HashSet<>(defaultBridges);
 		union.addAll(nonDefaultBridges);
-		union.addAll(meekBridges);
+		union.addAll(dpiBridges);
 		assertEquals(bridges, union);
 		// The bridge type sets should not overlap
 		assertEmptyIntersection(defaultBridges, nonDefaultBridges);
-		assertEmptyIntersection(defaultBridges, meekBridges);
+		assertEmptyIntersection(defaultBridges, dpiBridges);
-		assertEmptyIntersection(nonDefaultBridges, meekBridges);
+		assertEmptyIntersection(nonDefaultBridges, dpiBridges);
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -56,8 +55,8 @@ public class CircumventionProviderTest extends BrambleTestCase {
 			assertEquals(asList(NON_DEFAULT_OBFS4, VANILLA),
 					provider.getSuitableBridgeTypes(country));
 		}
-		for (String country : MEEK_BRIDGES) {
+		for (String country : DPI_BRIDGES) {
-			assertEquals(singletonList(MEEK),
+			assertEquals(asList(NON_DEFAULT_OBFS4, MEEK),
 					provider.getSuitableBridgeTypes(country));
 		}
 		assertEquals(asList(DEFAULT_OBFS4, VANILLA),

bramble-java/build.gradle

@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ dependencies {
 	implementation "net.java.dev.jna:jna:$jna_version"
 	implementation "net.java.dev.jna:jna-platform:$jna_version"
 	tor "org.briarproject:tor-linux:$tor_version"
+	tor "org.briarproject:tor-windows:$tor_version"
 	tor "org.briarproject:obfs4proxy-linux:$obfs4proxy_version"
+	tor "org.briarproject:obfs4proxy-windows:$obfs4proxy_version"
 
 	annotationProcessor "com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:$dagger_version"
 

bramble-java/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/bluetooth/JavaBluetoothPluginFactory.java

@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ public class JavaBluetoothPluginFactory implements DuplexPluginFactory {
 		BluetoothConnectionFactory<StreamConnection> connectionFactory =
 				new JavaBluetoothConnectionFactory(connectionLimiter,
 						timeoutMonitor);
-		Backoff backoff = backoffFactory.createBackoff(MIN_POLLING_INTERVAL,
+		Backoff backoff = backoffFactory.createBackoff(eventBus, ID,
-				MAX_POLLING_INTERVAL, BACKOFF_BASE);
+				MIN_POLLING_INTERVAL, MAX_POLLING_INTERVAL, BACKOFF_BASE);
 		JavaBluetoothPlugin plugin = new JavaBluetoothPlugin(connectionLimiter,
 				connectionFactory, ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor, secureRandom,
 				backoff, callback, MAX_LATENCY, MAX_IDLE_TIME);

bramble-java/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/JavaTorPlugin.java

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.battery.BatteryManager;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.network.NetworkManager;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.Backoff;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.PluginCallback;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.Clock;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.LocationUtils;
@@ -29,7 +28,6 @@ abstract class JavaTorPlugin extends TorPlugin {
 			ResourceProvider resourceProvider,
 			CircumventionProvider circumventionProvider,
 			BatteryManager batteryManager,
-			Backoff backoff,
 			TorRendezvousCrypto torRendezvousCrypto,
 			PluginCallback callback,
 			String architecture,
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ abstract class JavaTorPlugin extends TorPlugin {
 			int torControlPort) {
 		super(ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor, networkManager, locationUtils,
 				torSocketFactory, clock, resourceProvider,
-				circumventionProvider, batteryManager, backoff,
+				circumventionProvider, batteryManager,
 				torRendezvousCrypto, callback, architecture,
 				maxLatency, maxIdleTime, torDirectory, torSocksPort,
 				torControlPort);

bramble-java/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/UnixTorPlugin.java

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import com.sun.jna.Native;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.battery.BatteryManager;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.network.NetworkManager;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.Backoff;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.PluginCallback;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.Clock;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.LocationUtils;
@@ -29,7 +28,6 @@ class UnixTorPlugin extends JavaTorPlugin {
 			ResourceProvider resourceProvider,
 			CircumventionProvider circumventionProvider,
 			BatteryManager batteryManager,
-			Backoff backoff,
 			TorRendezvousCrypto torRendezvousCrypto,
 			PluginCallback callback,
 			String architecture,
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ class UnixTorPlugin extends JavaTorPlugin {
 			int torControlPort) {
 		super(ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor, networkManager, locationUtils,
 				torSocketFactory, clock, resourceProvider,
-				circumventionProvider, batteryManager, backoff,
+				circumventionProvider, batteryManager,
 				torRendezvousCrypto, callback, architecture,
 				maxLatency, maxIdleTime, torDirectory, torSocksPort,
 				torControlPort);

bramble-java/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/UnixTorPluginFactory.java

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ import org.briarproject.bramble.api.event.EventBus;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.lifecycle.IoExecutor;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.network.NetworkManager;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.Backoff;
-import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.BackoffFactory;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.PluginCallback;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TorControlPort;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TorDirectory;
@@ -39,7 +37,6 @@ public class UnixTorPluginFactory extends TorPluginFactory {
 			LocationUtils locationUtils,
 			EventBus eventBus,
 			SocketFactory torSocketFactory,
-			BackoffFactory backoffFactory,
 			ResourceProvider resourceProvider,
 			CircumventionProvider circumventionProvider,
 			BatteryManager batteryManager,
@@ -49,7 +46,7 @@ public class UnixTorPluginFactory extends TorPluginFactory {
 			@TorSocksPort int torSocksPort,
 			@TorControlPort int torControlPort) {
 		super(ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor, networkManager, locationUtils,
-				eventBus, torSocketFactory, backoffFactory, resourceProvider,
+				eventBus, torSocketFactory, resourceProvider,
 				circumventionProvider, batteryManager, clock, crypto,
 				torDirectory, torSocksPort, torControlPort);
 	}
@@ -69,13 +66,13 @@ public class UnixTorPluginFactory extends TorPluginFactory {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	TorPlugin createPluginInstance(Backoff backoff,
+	TorPlugin createPluginInstance(TorRendezvousCrypto torRendezvousCrypto,
-			TorRendezvousCrypto torRendezvousCrypto, PluginCallback callback,
+			PluginCallback callback,
 			String architecture) {
 		return new UnixTorPlugin(ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor,
 				networkManager, locationUtils, torSocketFactory, clock,
 				resourceProvider, circumventionProvider, batteryManager,
-				backoff, torRendezvousCrypto, callback, architecture,
+				torRendezvousCrypto, callback, architecture,
 				MAX_LATENCY, MAX_IDLE_TIME, torDirectory, torSocksPort,
 				torControlPort);
 	}

bramble-java/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/WindowsTorPlugin.java

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor;
+
+import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.Kernel32;
+
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.battery.BatteryManager;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.network.NetworkManager;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.PluginCallback;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.PluginException;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.Clock;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.LocationUtils;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.ResourceProvider;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+import javax.net.SocketFactory;
+
+import static java.util.logging.Level.INFO;
+
+@NotNullByDefault
+class WindowsTorPlugin extends JavaTorPlugin {
+
+	WindowsTorPlugin(Executor ioExecutor,
+			Executor wakefulIoExecutor,
+			NetworkManager networkManager,
+			LocationUtils locationUtils,
+			SocketFactory torSocketFactory,
+			Clock clock,
+			ResourceProvider resourceProvider,
+			CircumventionProvider circumventionProvider,
+			BatteryManager batteryManager,
+			TorRendezvousCrypto torRendezvousCrypto,
+			PluginCallback callback,
+			String architecture,
+			long maxLatency,
+			int maxIdleTime,
+			File torDirectory,
+			int torSocksPort,
+			int torControlPort) {
+		super(ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor, networkManager, locationUtils,
+				torSocketFactory, clock, resourceProvider,
+				circumventionProvider, batteryManager,
+				torRendezvousCrypto, callback, architecture,
+				maxLatency, maxIdleTime, torDirectory, torSocksPort,
+				torControlPort);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected int getProcessId() {
+		return Kernel32.INSTANCE.GetCurrentProcessId();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected void waitForTorToStart(Process torProcess)
+			throws InterruptedException, PluginException {
+		// On Windows the RunAsDaemon option has no effect, so Tor won't detach.
+		// Wait for the control port to be opened, then continue to read its
+		// stdout and stderr in a background thread until it exits.
+		BlockingQueue<Boolean> success = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1);
+		ioExecutor.execute(() -> {
+			boolean started = false;
+			// Read the process's stdout (and redirected stderr)
+			Scanner stdout = new Scanner(torProcess.getInputStream());
+			// Log the first line of stdout (contains Tor and library versions)
+			if (stdout.hasNextLine()) LOG.info(stdout.nextLine());
+			// Startup has succeeded when the control port is open
+			while (stdout.hasNextLine()) {
+				String line = stdout.nextLine();
+				if (!started && line.contains("Opened Control listener")) {
+					success.add(true);
+					started = true;
+				}
+			}
+			stdout.close();
+			// If the control port wasn't opened, startup has failed
+			if (!started) success.add(false);
+			// Wait for the process to exit
+			try {
+				int exit = torProcess.waitFor();
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(INFO))
+					LOG.info("Tor exited with value " + exit);
+			} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
+				LOG.warning("Interrupted while waiting for Tor to exit");
+				Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+			}
+		});
+		// Wait for the startup result
+		if (!success.take()) throw new PluginException();
+	}
+
+}

bramble-java/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/WindowsTorPluginFactory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor;
+
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.battery.BatteryManager;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.crypto.CryptoComponent;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.event.EventBus;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.lifecycle.IoExecutor;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.network.NetworkManager;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.PluginCallback;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TorControlPort;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TorDirectory;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.TorSocksPort;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.Clock;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.LocationUtils;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.ResourceProvider;
+import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.WakefulIoExecutor;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.Immutable;
+import javax.inject.Inject;
+import javax.net.SocketFactory;
+
+import static java.util.logging.Level.INFO;
+import static org.briarproject.bramble.util.OsUtils.isWindows;
+
+@Immutable
+@NotNullByDefault
+public class WindowsTorPluginFactory extends TorPluginFactory {
+
+	@Inject
+	WindowsTorPluginFactory(@IoExecutor Executor ioExecutor,
+			@WakefulIoExecutor Executor wakefulIoExecutor,
+			NetworkManager networkManager,
+			LocationUtils locationUtils,
+			EventBus eventBus,
+			SocketFactory torSocketFactory,
+			ResourceProvider resourceProvider,
+			CircumventionProvider circumventionProvider,
+			BatteryManager batteryManager,
+			Clock clock,
+			CryptoComponent crypto,
+			@TorDirectory File torDirectory,
+			@TorSocksPort int torSocksPort,
+			@TorControlPort int torControlPort) {
+		super(ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor, networkManager, locationUtils,
+				eventBus, torSocketFactory, resourceProvider,
+				circumventionProvider, batteryManager, clock, crypto,
+				torDirectory, torSocksPort, torControlPort);
+	}
+
+	@Nullable
+	@Override
+	String getArchitectureForTorBinary() {
+		if (!isWindows()) return null;
+		String arch = System.getProperty("os.arch");
+		if (LOG.isLoggable(INFO)) {
+			LOG.info("System's os.arch is " + arch);
+		}
+		if (arch.equals("amd64")) return "windows-x86_64";
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	TorPlugin createPluginInstance(TorRendezvousCrypto torRendezvousCrypto,
+			PluginCallback callback,
+			String architecture) {
+		return new WindowsTorPlugin(ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor,
+				networkManager, locationUtils, torSocketFactory, clock,
+				resourceProvider, circumventionProvider, batteryManager,
+				torRendezvousCrypto, callback, architecture,
+				MAX_LATENCY, MAX_IDLE_TIME, torDirectory, torSocksPort,
+				torControlPort);
+	}
+}

bramble-java/src/main/java/org/briarproject/bramble/system/DesktopSecureRandomModule.java

@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ public class DesktopSecureRandomModule {
 	@Provides
 	@Singleton
 	SecureRandomProvider provideSecureRandomProvider() {
-		if (isLinux() || isMac())
+		if (isLinux() || isMac()) return new UnixSecureRandomProvider();
-			return new UnixSecureRandomProvider();
+		return () -> null; // Use system default
-		// TODO: Create a secure random provider for Windows
-		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
 	}
 }

bramble-java/src/test/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/BridgeTest.java

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import org.briarproject.bramble.api.event.EventBus;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.lifecycle.IoExecutor;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.network.NetworkManager;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.nullsafety.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.BackoffFactory;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.plugin.duplex.DuplexPlugin;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.Clock;
 import org.briarproject.bramble.api.system.LocationUtils;
@@ -110,8 +109,6 @@ public class BridgeTest extends BrambleTestCase {
 	@Inject
 	EventBus eventBus;
 	@Inject
-	BackoffFactory backoffFactory;
-	@Inject
 	Clock clock;
 	@Inject
 	CryptoComponent crypto;
@@ -166,9 +163,8 @@ public class BridgeTest extends BrambleTestCase {
 		};
 		factory = new UnixTorPluginFactory(ioExecutor, wakefulIoExecutor,
 				networkManager, locationUtils, eventBus, torSocketFactory,
-				backoffFactory, resourceProvider, bridgeProvider,
+				resourceProvider, bridgeProvider, batteryManager, clock,
-				batteryManager, clock, crypto, torDir,
+				crypto, torDir, SOCKS_PORT, CONTROL_PORT);
-				SOCKS_PORT, CONTROL_PORT);
 	}
 
 	@After

bramble-java/src/test/java/org/briarproject/bramble/plugin/tor/TestPluginCallback.java

@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@ public class TestPluginCallback implements PluginCallback {
 	public void pluginStateChanged(State state) {
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	public void pollingIntervalDecreased() {
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	public void handleConnection(DuplexTransportConnection c) {
 	}

bramble-java/witness.gradle

@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ dependencyVerification {
         'net.ltgt.gradle.incap:incap:0.2:incap-0.2.jar:b625b9806b0f1e4bc7a2e3457119488de3cd57ea20feedd513db070a573a4ffd',
         'org.apache-extras.beanshell:bsh:2.0b6:bsh-2.0b6.jar:a17955976070c0573235ee662f2794a78082758b61accffce8d3f8aedcd91047',
         'org.briarproject:obfs4proxy-linux:0.0.12:obfs4proxy-linux-0.0.12.jar:3dd83aff25fe1cb3e4eab78a02c76ac921f552be6877b3af83a472438525df2a',
+        'org.briarproject:obfs4proxy-windows:0.0.12:obfs4proxy-windows-0.0.12.jar:392aa4b9d9c6fef0c659c4068d019d6c6471991bbb62ff00553884ec36018c7b',
         'org.briarproject:tor-linux:0.4.5.12-2:tor-linux-0.4.5.12-2.jar:d275f323faf5e70b33d2c8a1bdab1bb3ab5a0d8f4e23c4a6dda03d86f4e95838',
+        'org.briarproject:tor-windows:0.4.5.12-2:tor-windows-0.4.5.12-2.jar:46599a15d099ed35a360113293f66acc119571c24ec2e37e85e4fb54b4722e07',
         'org.checkerframework:checker-compat-qual:2.5.3:checker-compat-qual-2.5.3.jar:d76b9afea61c7c082908023f0cbc1427fab9abd2df915c8b8a3e7a509bccbc6d',
         'org.checkerframework:checker-qual:2.5.2:checker-qual-2.5.2.jar:64b02691c8b9d4e7700f8ee2e742dce7ea2c6e81e662b7522c9ee3bf568c040a',
         'org.codehaus.mojo:animal-sniffer-annotations:1.17:animal-sniffer-annotations-1.17.jar:92654f493ecfec52082e76354f0ebf87648dc3d5cec2e3c3cdb947c016747a53',

briar-headless/build.gradle

@@ -59,7 +59,12 @@ void jarFactory(Jar jarTask, jarArchitecture) {
 	}
 			{
 				it.duplicatesStrategy(DuplicatesStrategy.EXCLUDE)
-				String[] architectures = ["linux-aarch64", "linux-armhf", "linux-x86_64"]
+				String[] architectures = [
+						"linux-aarch64",
+						"linux-armhf",
+						"linux-x86_64",
+						"windows-x86_64"
+				]
 				for (String arch : architectures) {
 					if (arch != jarArchitecture) {
 						exclude "obfs4proxy_" + arch + ".zip"
@@ -112,6 +117,10 @@ task x86LinuxJar(type: Jar) {
 	jarFactory(it, 'linux-x86_64')
 }
 
+task windowsJar(type: Jar) {
+	jarFactory(it, 'windows-x86_64')
+}
+
 task linuxJars {
 	dependsOn(aarch64LinuxJar, armhfLinuxJar, x86LinuxJar)
 }

briar-headless/src/main/java/org/briarproject/briar/headless/HeadlessModule.kt

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import org.briarproject.bramble.event.DefaultEventExecutorModule
 import org.briarproject.bramble.network.JavaNetworkModule
 import org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.CircumventionModule
 import org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.UnixTorPluginFactory
+import org.briarproject.bramble.plugin.tor.WindowsTorPluginFactory
 import org.briarproject.bramble.socks.SocksModule
 import org.briarproject.bramble.system.ClockModule
 import org.briarproject.bramble.system.DefaultTaskSchedulerModule
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ import org.briarproject.bramble.system.DesktopSecureRandomModule
 import org.briarproject.bramble.system.JavaSystemModule
 import org.briarproject.bramble.util.OsUtils.isLinux
 import org.briarproject.bramble.util.OsUtils.isMac
+import org.briarproject.bramble.util.OsUtils.isWindows
 import org.briarproject.briar.headless.blogs.HeadlessBlogModule
 import org.briarproject.briar.headless.contact.HeadlessContactModule
 import org.briarproject.briar.headless.event.HeadlessEventModule
@@ -94,9 +96,15 @@ internal class HeadlessModule(private val appDir: File) {
 
     @Provides
     @Singleton
-    internal fun providePluginConfig(tor: UnixTorPluginFactory): PluginConfig {
+    internal fun providePluginConfig(
-        val duplex: List<DuplexPluginFactory> =
+        unixTor: UnixTorPluginFactory,
-            if (isLinux() || isMac()) listOf(tor) else emptyList()
+        winTor: WindowsTorPluginFactory
+    ): PluginConfig {
+        val duplex: List<DuplexPluginFactory> = when {
+            isLinux() || isMac() -> listOf(unixTor)
+            isWindows() -> listOf(winTor)
+            else -> emptyList()
+        }
         return object : PluginConfig {
             override fun getDuplexFactories(): Collection<DuplexPluginFactory> = duplex
             override fun getSimplexFactories(): Collection<SimplexPluginFactory> = emptyList()

briar-headless/src/main/java/org/briarproject/briar/headless/Main.kt

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.options.option
 import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.types.int
 import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Base64.toBase64String
 import org.briarproject.bramble.BrambleCoreEagerSingletons
+import org.briarproject.bramble.util.OsUtils.isLinux
+import org.briarproject.bramble.util.OsUtils.isMac
 import org.briarproject.briar.BriarCoreEagerSingletons
 import org.slf4j.impl.SimpleLogger.DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL_KEY
 import java.io.File
@@ -90,11 +92,13 @@ private class Main : CliktCommand(
         } else if (!file.isDirectory) {
             throw IOException("Data dir is not a directory: ${file.absolutePath}")
         }
-        val perms = HashSet<PosixFilePermission>()
+        if (isLinux() || isMac()) {
-        perms.add(OWNER_READ)
+            val perms = HashSet<PosixFilePermission>()
-        perms.add(OWNER_WRITE)
+            perms.add(OWNER_READ)
-        perms.add(OWNER_EXECUTE)
+            perms.add(OWNER_WRITE)
-        setPosixFilePermissions(file.toPath(), perms)
+            perms.add(OWNER_EXECUTE)
+            setPosixFilePermissions(file.toPath(), perms)
+        }
         return file
     }